Investigation on the production of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in chronic bronchitis rats

Objective To investigate the pathogenesis of the production of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in the rat models of chronic bronchitis (CB) with recurrent infections. Methods The CB models were made by double element of smoking and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. The rats were divided into four groups, including normal control group (n=5), phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-treated healthy rats control group (n=5), CB rats group (n=5) and PMA-treated CB rats group (n=6). Renal function of rats was detected. The histopathological lung and kidney tissues were observed by HE staining of paraffin section. Immunological markers, including myeloperoxidase anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (MPO-ANCA), proteinase 3 anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (PR3-ANCA) and citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3), were measured by enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) at different time points. Correlation between CitH3 and MPO-ANCA was analyzed by the Spearman rank correlation. NETs components were further detected in lung and kidney tissue by confocal immunofluorescence and colocalization analysis. Results (1) The serum levels of CitH3 and MPO-ANCA in CB+PMA group showed an increased trend. Compared with those in the normal control group and CB rats group, the serum levels of CitH3 and MPO-ANCA in CB+PMA group increased significantly at the sixth week (both P＜0.05). Serum CitH3 levels in rats were positively correlated with serum MPO-ANCA levels (rs=0.490，P=0.024). (2) There were pathological manifestations of CB in the lung tissues of rats in CB group and CB+PMA group, and no obvious abnormalities in the lung tissues of rats in the normal control group and control group. In the rat kidney tissue of CB+PMA group, there were inflammatory cells infiltrated in the glomerular and around the renal tubules, but glomerular necrosis was not found. No obvious abnormalities were observed in the kidney tissues of rats in the normal control group, PMA-treated healthy rats control group and CB group. (3) In the lung and kidney tissues of CB+PMA group NETs could be detected by confocal immunofluorescence analysis. Conclusion CB rats with the recurrent infections can release large amounts of NETs, in which the exposure of MPO antigen will break the immune tolerance and result in the production of MPO-ANCA.     

耿立梅教授四诊合参辨治六经发热

耿立梅针对临床中伤寒导致的外感发热通过四诊合参从六经角度辨证论治,认为三阳解表清热、三阴温阳化湿,均须掌握准确时机才可能最大限度发挥经方的作用,从而高效驱邪外出.太阳解表恶寒、发热、汗出,同时必须加用辅汗三法;阳明里热为高热,亦或体温不高,但见脉洪数,舌红,大便干;少阳为太阳和阳明的过渡,多见孔窍病变,且在太阳阳明辨证不清晰时均可使用小柴胡;太阴最阴,湿气盛,脾虚症状明显,严重时可为阴盛格阳而热,因此此期出现热象为郁而化热;少阴发热多见,见于人体阳气稍不足时,且多与太阳合病;厥阴为阴尽阳生,也是疾病阴阳转化的关键时期,阳进疾病转为三阳,阴进疾病转为太阴,用药宜寒热并用.     

小胶质细胞极化在热损伤介导的早期神经损伤中的相关研究

目的观察小胶质细胞在热损伤介导的早期神经损伤中的极化状态并探讨其可能机制。 方法通过建立Beagle犬热射病动物模型，按随机数字表法将18只Beagle犬分为正常对照组（A组）9只，根据热损伤后不同时间点（1、6、24 h）分为B、C、D组各3只，B~D组置于动物体温维持仪的电热毯上，温度设置为40℃±0.5℃，每5 min监测1次直肠温度直至达到40℃。建模成功后转移到26℃±0.5℃温度和60%±0.5%湿度的环境。4组18只Beagle犬均取下丘脑进行Western blot检测，检测小胶质细胞特异性标志物CD45、iNOS及Arginase、CD206分别在4组小胶质细胞中的表达。进一步免疫组织荧光共定位观察CD45、Arginase表达。 结果A组检测出少许CD45及iNOS蛋白，B、C组两种蛋白标志物均显著高于A组（P<0.05），而D组较A组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；A组检测出少许Arginase及CD206蛋白，B、C、D组两种蛋白标志物均高于A组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。免疫组织荧光共定位CD45、Arginase，分别在热损伤后6 h和24 h荧光光密度显著增强，差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。 结论热射病后Beagle犬脑组织可见小胶质细胞极化活跃，中枢神经系统损伤早期1~6 h小胶质细胞活化主要以M1型为主，6 h后则转化为M2为主，热射病后24 h M2型占优势。M1/M2极化趋势与热射病早期脑损伤的相互关系可能成为热射病中枢神经损伤关键。     

青年女性甲状腺癌患者生育忧虑现状及影响因素分析

目的调查分析青年女性甲状腺癌患者生育忧虑现状及影响因素。方法采用一般资料调查表、中文版癌症后生育忧虑量表、中文版病人健康问卷-9对北京市3所三级甲等医院212例青年女性甲状腺癌患者进行横断面调查。结果青年女性甲状腺癌患者生育忧虑总分为(65.73±12.36)分,多元线性回归分析显示,文化程度、子女数、生育意愿、是否需行~(131)I治疗以及抑郁程度是青年女性甲状腺癌患者生育忧虑的主要影响因素(均P0.01)。结论青年女性甲状腺癌患者生育忧虑程度偏高,其中抑郁程度对其影响最大,医护人员应对患者进行针对性的心理疏导,缓解其生育忧虑。     

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes attenuate phosgene-induced acute lung injury in rats

Objective: We have previously found that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy can ameliorate phosgene-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Moreover, exosomes can be used as a cell-free alternative therapy. In the present study, we aimed to assess the effect of MSC-derived exosomes on phosgene-induced ALI.

Methods: MSC-derived exosomes were isolated from MSCs through ultracentrifugation. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were exposed to phosgene at 8.33?g/m³ for 5?min. MSC-derived exosomes were intratracheally administered and rats were sacrificed at the time points of 6, 24 and 48?h.

Results: Compared with the phosgene group, MSC-derived exosomes reversed respiratory function alterations, showing increased levels of TV, PIF, PEF and EF50 as well as decreased levels of RI and EEP. Furthermore, MSC-derived exosomes improved pathological alterations and reduced wet-to-dry ratio and total protein content in BALF. MSC-derived exosomes reduced the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 and increased the IL-10 level in BALF and plasma. MSC-derived exosomes suppressed the MMP-9 level and increased the SP-C level.

Conclusions: MSC-derived exosomes exerted beneficial effects on phosgene-induced ALI via modulating inflammation, inhibiting MMP-9 synthesis and elevating SP-C level.